From Diagnosis to Surgery: Handling Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer 

Among the different types of cancers, pancreatic cancer requires a comprehensive treatment approach due its challenging nature. It is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer, often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to its subtle symptoms. However, understanding the treatment journey from diagnosis to surgery can help patients and their families navigate this difficult path with confidence.  

Pancreatic Cancer: Understanding Its Nature 

Pancreatic cancer begins in the tissues of the pancreas, an organ located behind the lower part of the stomach. The pancreas plays a crucial role in digestion and blood sugar regulation. There are two main types of pancreatic cancer: exocrine tumours, which are more common and occur in the ducts that carry digestive enzymes, and endocrine tumours, which are rarer and occur in the hormone-producing cells. 

Initial Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer 

Diagnosing pancreatic cancer can be complex due to it not being detected immediately. Its detection typically starts with a series of diagnostic tests to confirm the presence and extent of the cancer. 

Symptoms and Initial Consultation 

Patients often present with nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, jaundice, and digestive issues. A thorough medical history and physical examination are crucial. If pancreatic cancer is suspected, the physician will order imaging tests such as CT scans, MRI, or endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). 

Biopsy and Staging 

A definitive diagnosis is made through a biopsy, where a tissue sample is taken from the pancreas and examined under a microscope. Once confirmed, staging is performed to determine the extent of the cancer's spread. Staging involves additional imaging tests and sometimes exploratory surgery. 

Developing a Treatment Plan 

The treatment plan for pancreatic cancer is based on the stage of the cancer of the individual patient, their overall health, and other factors. The primary treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these. 

Course of Action 

Initially, the diagnosis and preliminary course of action is decided by an oncologist. However, depending on the stage of the cancer, the treatment may require the involvement of a surgeon, radiologist, or gastroenterologist.  

Preoperative Therapies 

For some patients, preoperative (neoadjuvant) therapies such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy are recommended to shrink the tumour before surgery. This can increase the likelihood of successful surgical removal and reduce the risk of recurrence. 

Surgical Treatment: The Key to Cure 

Surgery offers the best chance for a cure, especially if the cancer is detected early and has not spread significantly. There are several surgical options for pancreatic cancer. 

Types of Surgery 

  • Whipple Procedure (Pancreaticoduodenectomy): This is the most common surgery for tumours located in the head of the pancreas. It involves removing the head of the pancreas, part of the small intestine, the gallbladder, and the bile duct. 

  • Distal Pancreatectomy: This surgery is performed for tumours in the body and tail of the pancreas. It involves removing the body and tail of the pancreas and often the spleen. 

  • Total Pancreatectomy: In rare cases, the entire pancreas is removed. This procedure is typically reserved for widespread disease within the pancreas. 

While conventional surgical options are preferred at times, robotic surgery is an advanced option that offers numerous benefits for pancreatic cancer patients. This minimally invasive technique uses robotic systems to assist the surgeon, providing greater precision and control. Benefits of robotic surgery include smaller incisions, reduced blood loss, less postoperative pain, and faster return to normal activities. 

Preparing for Surgery 

Preparation for surgery involves several steps, including preoperative testing, nutritional assessment, and physical conditioning. Patients may be given specific instructions regarding medications and diet. 

Postoperative Care 

Recovery from pancreatic surgery can be a slow process. Postoperative care includes pain management, nutritional support, and physical therapy. Patients may stay in the hospital for several weeks and require ongoing monitoring to manage complications such as infections or digestive issues. 

Life After Surgery 

Life after pancreatic cancer surgery involves ongoing care and monitoring. Follow-up appointments with the healthcare team are crucial to monitor for signs of recurrence and manage any long-term effects of the surgery. 

Adjuvant Therapies 

Many patients receive adjuvant (postoperative) therapies such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence. These treatments help eliminate any remaining cancer cells that surgery may have missed. 

Lifestyle Adjustments 

Patients may need to make significant lifestyle adjustments, including dietary changes and regular exercise, to support their recovery and overall health. Nutritional support is particularly important as the pancreas plays a key role in digestion. 

Advanced Treatment with Robotic Surgery 

Handling the treatment for pancreatic cancer from diagnosis to surgery requires a comprehensive and coordinated approach. When it comes to a less-invasive surgical approach for pancreatic cancer, Thangam Robotic Institute offers state-of-the-art robotic surgery options, providing patients with advanced surgical techniques that enhance precision and recovery. Our dedicated team is committed to supporting patients through every step of their journey, ensuring they receive the best possible care.